Recently, under the deployment of the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, traffic police across the country are vigorously carrying out the "One Helmet, One Belt, Safeguarding" operation. Officials have released a large number of traffic accident cases, reminding all motorcycle and electric bicycle riders to wear safety helmets of qualified quality.
The standards for motorcycle helmets in my country are:
GB811-2010 "Motorcycle Crew Helmet"
The standards for other similar helmets are:
GB2811-2019 "head protection helmet";
GB24429-2009 "Sports Helmets Safety Requirements and Test Methods for Bicycle, Skateboard and Roller Skating Helmets";
A helmet that protects the user's head from damage caused by falling objects or small splashes and other specific fixed factors. The safety helmet plays a protective role against the impact in the horizontal direction. However, in the event of a traffic accident, the impact on the head is not limited to the horizontal direction, and it does not provide full protection.
Motorcycle occupant helmets are special equipment used to reduce occupant head injuries in road traffic accidents. A helmet is usually composed of a shell, a buffer layer, a comfortable cushion, a wearing device, goggles, etc., where the shell and the buffer layer It is a key part of the helmet to absorb collision energy and protect the head from injury. The goggles can protect the eyes better. Whether the wearing device is "reliable" will also have a direct impact on the protective effect of the helmet.
According to different shapes and structures, helmets are divided into full-face helmets and half-face helmets. The main difference between the two is the different protection scope. Compared with half-face helmets, full face helmets increase the protection of the lower jaw.
According to different applicable objects, helmets can be divided into two categories: A helmets and B helmets. A helmets are suitable for motorcycles with a total displacement of more than 125cc. They are available in full helmets and half helmets; B helmets are suitable for general helmets. Motorcycles with a displacement of less than 125cc are smaller in volume and weight than Class A helmets, and all of them are half helmets.
In general, the protection scope and protective performance of Class A helmets are better than those of Class B helmets.
Requirements for quality management of motorcycle occupant helmets
National Standard: To regulate and improve the product quality of motorcycle occupant helmets, the Ministry of Public Security proposed and managed it. The Institute of Transportation Management Science of the Ministry of Public Security is responsible for formulating mandatory national standards. The current standard version is "Motorcycle Occupant Helmet" (GB 811 -2010). From the perspective of guaranteeing the safety of occupants, GB 811 standard puts forward a series of requirements such as technical requirements and test methods for helmets.
CCC certification: In October 2017, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the China National Accreditation Administration issued the "Announcement on the Transition Period for the Management of the Transition to Compulsory Product Certification for Motorcycle Passenger Helmets, Electric Blankets and Mopeds" (No. 86 of 2017) On November 1, 2017, the mandatory product certification management of motorcycle occupant helmet products was formally implemented. As of August 1, 2018, motorcycle helmets that have not obtained CCC certification may not be shipped, sold, imported or used in other business activities.
Quality identification: Motorcycle occupant helmets of qualified quality must pass the certification test prescribed by the mandatory national standard "Motorcycle occupant helmets" (GB 811-2010). And after passing the corresponding factory quality assurance ability audit, it can pass the mandatory product certification (CCC certification).
When selecting a helmet supplier, motorcycle manufacturers can verify the CCC certification and product quality test report of the factory. When users purchase the optional helmet, they can be identified by the "CCC" logo pasted on the helmet, and do not use helmets that have not passed CCC certification.
The key performance of motorcycle occupant helmet
Strict technical inspection is the key link to ensure the quality and safety of helmets. According to the requirements of "Motorcycle Occupant Helmet" (GB 811-2010), qualified motorcycle occupant helmets need to pass the "field of view", "goggles", "stiffness performance", "crash energy absorption performance" and "penetration resistance performance" Waiting for the detection of 10 items. Among them, "impact energy absorption" and "penetration resistance" are representative indicators of helmet safety protection performance.
Collision energy absorption performance: Mainly reflects the helmet's ability to absorb impact energy and reduce head injury in the event of a collision. During the detection test, the helmet fixed on the head model (simulating the human head) needs to be dropped from a specified height, and one phenomenon and two technical parameters must be evaluated.
Take class A helmet as an example, after the test, the helmet shell must not crack. The peak acceleration (characterizing the impact force) transmitted to the head mold after a collision must not exceed 300g, and the action time (characterizing the duration of noxious impact) when the acceleration exceeds 150g should be less than 4ms.
Penetration resistance: It mainly reflects the ability of the helmet to prevent the head injury caused by penetration when it encounters sharp objects. In the test, a steel cone with a mass of 3 kg, a diameter of 25 mm, and a cone angle of 60° is used. The steel cone is dropped from a specified height (3 m for type A helmets) to carry out a penetration test on the helmet.
After the test, the steel cone must not penetrate the helmet and come into contact with the head shape. And there should be no cracks in the helmet shell, the test results are shown in the figure.
Sports helmets are mainly suitable for helmets worn by bikers, skateboarders, and roller skaters. Compared with motorcycle helmets, their performance requirements for absorbing collision energy are the same. But the key performance of penetration resistance is missing.
Proper use of helmets is essential for motorcycle safety. CCC certification is only the foundation for good product quality, and it is more important for transportation participants to raise their awareness of "self-protection".
Kerry reminds the majority of motorcycle occupants that they should establish the safety awareness of "don't wear a helmet and don't ride a motorcycle" and wear a safety helmet. !
